are permitted as long as these do not interfere with the project. (13) The over exploitation of useful products of wild life should be prevented. Continue . can be avoided by ex-situ conservation there by providing conditions necessary for a secure life and breeding. Now gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile condition for long periods using cryopreservation techniques, eggs can be fertilized in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. (2) All the economically important organisms in protected areas should be identified and conserved. Protected areas include national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves. The following strategies should be undertaken in order to con­serve biodiversity: (1) All the possible varieties (old or new) of food, forage and timber plants, live stock, agriculture animals and microbes should be conserved. These facilities provide not only housing and care for specimens of endangered species, but also have an educational value. 1. A number of plants” and ani­mal species have already become extinct and many are endan­gered. Ex-situ conservation: This method refers to the conservation of biodiversity in the areas outside their natural habitat such as zoos and botanical gardens. The species richness may be defined as the number of species per unit area. Ex situ conservation is the conservation of selected rare plants or animals in places outside the natural forms. There are two Methods of biodiversity conservation. Advantages. The boundaries are well demarcated and circumscribed. It offers less mobility to the animals as it is smaller in area than the area of in-situ conservation. (iv) It provides new varieties of rice, potato etc. which may be consumed locally and do not figure in national and international market. zoo, aquarium, botanical garden etc. (4) Priority should be given to preserve unique ecosystems. These are the small reserves meant for the protection of wild life and their natural habitats. The richness of a species tells about the extent of biodiversity of a site and provides a means for comparing different sites. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. Class 7. Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment and scientific management of biodiversity so as to maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation. It also tells about the diversity within the ecosystem. The ecosystem diversity is due to diversity of niches, trophic levels and ecological processes like nutrient cycling, food webs, energy flow, role of dominant species and various related biotic interactions. we save the entire forest to save the tiger. 3. (7) The poaching and hunting of wildlife should be prevented as far as practicable. (ii) Short-term propagation and release of the animals in their natural habitat. So, it is highly essential for the human beings to take care of their surrounding species and make optimum use of their service, for better economic development. The term biodiversity was coined as a contraction of biological diversity by E.O. The most dreaded factor inducing loss of biodiversity is environmental pollution which include air pollution, Water pollution, industrial pollution, pollution due to chemical Pastes, pesticides radioactive materials etc. Its conservation embraces maintenance, sustainable utilization, and restoration, of the lost and degraded biodiversity through two basic and complementary strategies called in situ and ex situ. That is, the conservation of selected plants and animals in se­lected areas outside their natural habitat is known as ex-situ con­servation. It depends upon species richness and evenness. While the identification of ex-situ initiatives leaves little room for ambiguity (e.g. The in situ conservation method is the protection and maintenance of species populations in the ecosystem in which they occur. 4.3 Explain how in situ and ex situ conservation methods are used to maintain biodiversity. Ex-situ conservation Ex situ or ‘off-site’ conservation means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. Indirectly it provides economic benefits to people which include water quality soil protection, equalisation of climate, environmental monitoring, scientific research, recreation etc. Some important national Parks of India are: (i) Biological Park, Nandankanan, Orissa, (ii) Corbett national Park Nainital, U.P. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. Ex-situ techniques include: seed storage, captive breeding, slow-growth storage, DNA storage. That is, controlled biotic interference is permitted in sanctuaries, which allows visiting of tourists for recreation. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. It is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside in-situ conservation. © 2017 EnvironmentalPollution - All rights reserved, Essay on Wildlife Conservation (671 Words), Biodiversity: Meaning, Varieties and Scenario in India, Radiation Pollution: Types, Sources, Effects, Control of Radiation Pollution, Causes of Water Pollution in India (7 Answers), Causes of Water Pollution: Essay, Paragraph, Article and Speech. These are maintained by government. With increased population, the habitats are fragmented into pieces by roads, fields, canals, power lines, towns etc. In certain cases, ex situ conservation is the only plausible means of undertaking protection of biodiversity. For example, the landscapes like grass lands, deserts, mountains etc. The natural resources are over exploited to meet growing rural poverty, intensive technological growth and globalization of economy. Ex situ conservation methods for vegetatively propagated woody species traditionally relied on field or glasshouse collections. As per available data, the varieties of species living on the earth are 1753739. Ex situ conservation 1. In-situ conservation, the conservation of species in their natural habitats, is considered the most appropriate way of conserving biodiversity. The species richness depends largely on climatic conditions. What is Ex-situ Conservation? All these services together are valued 16.54 trillion dollars per year. (ix) There are a number of hot spots (namely Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats, North Eastern hills etc.). Consequently, some 25 years ago, alternative in vitro approaches were considered. It offers an insurance technique for other methods of conservation. … Classes. However, when there are situations where an animal or plant is endangered or threatened and needs urgent measures to save it from extinction, ex-situ (off-site) … It is especially adapted to species which cannot be established or regenerated outside their natural habitats. The loss of biodiversity directly influences the social life of the country possibly through influencing ecosystem functions (energy flow and biogeochemical cycle). In Situ Conservation Methods. There are 16 hot spots in world, out of which two are located in India namely North-East Himalayas and Western Ghats. Stay tuned with BYJU’S to explore … The product species richness and species evenness give species diversity of a region. (vii) There is wide variety of domestic animals like cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, pigs, horses etc. The only disadvantage of in situ conservation is that it requires large space of earth which is often difficult because of growing demand for space. In addition, the habitat fragmentation also brings about microclimatic changes in light, temperature, wind etc. (v) Advanced technology in the service of endangered species. are prohibited so that the wild plants and animals can grow and multiply freely without any hindrance. Let us discuss the different conservation methods along with their importance. Mainly the conservation of biodiversity has three basic objectives: (a) To maintain essential ecological processes and life supporting systems. drought, flood etc. There are about 89 national parks in India. The introduction of exotic species are due to: It is seen that some exotic species may kill or eat the native species thereby causing its extinction. Biodiversity must be seen in the light of holding ethical value. These are the areas where only wild animals (fauna) are present. Biodiversity encompasses variety and variability of all forms of life on earth that play a great role in human existence. The different factors responsible for causing threat to biodiversity are as follows: The primary cause of loss of biodiversity is habitat loss or destruction which is resulted due to the large industrial and commercial activities associated with agriculture, irrigation, construction of dams, mining, fishing etc. (viii) The marine biota includes sea weeds, fishes, crustaceans, molluses, corals, reptiles etc. Ex situ conservation methods also encourage captive breeding to boost the member counts of species and prevent extinction. Biodiversity is being depleted by the loss of habitat, fragmentation of habitat, over exploitation of resources, human sponsored ecosystems, climatic changes, pollution invasive exotic spices, diseases, shifting cultivation, poaching of wild life etc. Ex situ conservation is conserving the animals and plant outside the natural habitat. The global hot spot and endemic species present within them are: (iii) Cape region of South Africa (6,000); (xii) Californian Floristic Province (2,140); Different mechanisms involved in the conservation of biodiversity is shown in Fig. (c) This technique involves only few species. (b) The main role of these reserves is to preserve genetic resources, species, ecosystems, and habitats without disturbing the habitants. The earth’s natural beauty with its colour and hues, thick forest, and graceful beasts has inspired the human beings from their date of birth to take necessary steps for its maintenance. The conservation of species in their natural habitat or natural ecosystem is known as in situ conservation. Advantages and Disadvantages of ex situ conservation. (First national Park), (iii) Koziranga national Park, Jorhat, Assam, (v) Hazaribagh national Park, Hazaribagh, Bihar, (ix) Reibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur. )Biosphere Reserve (b.) In other words, biodiversity is the occurrence of different types of ecosystems, different species of organisms with the whole range of their variants and genes adapted to different climates, environments along with their interactions and processes. The demarcation of biodiversity in each area is determined on the basis of climatic and physiological conditions. zoos, seed banks, captive breeding), the notion of in-situ conservation covers a broad (9) Efforts should be made to reduce the level of pollutants in the environment. Biodiversity can be conserved by In Situ and Ex Situ conservation. Ex-situ Conservation is one of the primary objectives of Botanical Survey of India (BSI). Ex situ conservation means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. In recent years ex situ conservation has advanced beyond keeping threatened species. (c) These maintain cultural, social and ecologically sustainable economic developments. This was brief information to the Biodiversity, their types and the importance. (14) The useful animals, plants and their wild relatives should be protected both in their natural habitat (in-situ) and in zoological botanical gardens (ex-situ). The magnitude of variation in genes of a species increases with increase in size and environmental parameters of the habitat. Botanical gardens, and zoosare the most conventional methods of Ex-situ conservation. Ex Situ Conservation Methods Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Some protected areas are: Cold desert (Ladakh and Spiti), Hot desert (Thar), Saline Swampy area (Sunderban and Rann of Kutch), Tropical moist deciduous forest (Western Ghats and north East) etc. Since earth is homeland of all living organisms, all have equal right to coexist on the surface of earth with all benefits. This approach is called in in-situ (on site) conservation. (8) Care should be taken for the development of reserves and protected areas. The protection and management of biodiversity through in situ conservation involve certain specific areas known as protected areas which include national parks, Sanctuaries and Biosphere reserves. The consumptive value can be assigned to goods such as fuel woods, leaves, forest products etc. Gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable, fertile conditions for long periods using cryopreservation techniques, eggs can be fertilised in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. Hot spots are the areas with high density of biodiversity or mega diversity which are most threatened at present. Your IP: 185.2.5.12 The discussion on each type of diversity is given below: It describes the variation in the number and types of genes as well as chromosomes present in different species. They inform the public of the threatened status of endangered species and of those factors which cause the threat, with the hope of creating public inte… All of the ex situ conservation methods discussed have their role to play in modern conservation. (b) To preserve the diversity of species. But with an increased demand of rapid population growth, biodiversity is gradually depleting. Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us. It describes the assemblage and Interaction of spices living together and the physical environment a given area. Seed banking has considerable advantages over other methods of ex situ plant … Here, animals and plants are reared or cultivated in areas like zoological or botanical parks. Wild life Institute of India has divided it into ten biogeographical regions and twenty five biotic provinces. Ex situ conservation Conserving biodiversity outside the areas where they naturally occur is known as ex situ conservation. Conserving … (i) Long-term captive breeding and propagation for the species which have lost their habitats permanently. In-situ methods use conservation areas as "warehouses" of biological information. (a) The favourable conditions may not be maintained always. (b) Genetic techniques can be utilised in the process. (vi) Several crops arose in the country and spread throughout the world. Aesthetic values such as refreshing fragrance of the flowers, taste of berries, softness of mossed, melodious songs of birds, etc. (iii) It provides different types of oil seeds for the preparation of oils. The area of national parks ranges between 0.04 to 3162 km. Register at BYJU’S to explore biodiversity conservation notes. Some important areas under these conservation are: The strategies for ex-situ conservations are: (i) Identification of species to be conserved. Ex-situ conservation includes off-site collection and gene banks. Genetic diversity has the following importance: (i) It helps in speciation or evolution of new species; (ii) It is useful in adaptation to changes in environmental conditions; (iii) It is important for agricultural productivity and development. Such collections are expensive to maintain, are susceptible to environmental changes, and do not present a safe long-term option. In the day to day life, human beings are maintaining their lifestyle at the sacrifice of surrounding species which come from diversity of plants and animals struggling for their existence. Cloudflare Ray ID: 612990e99c550662 (c) Captivity breed species can again be reintroduced in the wild. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. It describes a range of communities due to replacement of species which arises due to the presence of different microhabitats, niches and environmental conditions. Seeds of different genetic strains of commercially important plants can be kept for … Class 8. It is referred as Land escape diversity because it includes placement and size of various ecosystems. Any disturbance in the delicately fabricated ecological balance maintained by different organisms, will lead to severe problems, which may threaten the survival of human beings. The stresses on living organisms due to competition for food, water, space etc. In situ and ex situ are two methods used to describe different biological processes such as bioremediation, and conservation of … Ex-Situ Conservation 2. Category Enlisted species Highly endangered Species. Biodiversity has the following uses for the development humanity: (ii) It provides fibers, sources for the preparation of clothes. Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. In-Situ (natural home) 2.Ex-Situ (artificial home) Actual Question in CSAT 2011 (12.) Also Read: Vegetative Propagation. When we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem, its biodiversity at all levels is protected.E.g. Biodiversity may be defined as the variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they exist. The shifting or Jhum cultivation by poor tribal people greatly affects the forest structure which is a store house of biodiversity. Table 5.1: Endangered and Endemic Species of India. Biodiversity holds great ecological value because it is indispensable to maintain the ecological balance. The living organisms on earth are of great diversity, living in diverse habitats and possessing diverse qualities and are vital to human existence providing food, shelter, clothing’s, medicines etc. It describes the variety in the number and richness of the spices with in a region. (c) To make sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems. Some of the examples of ex-situ conversation are gene banks, germplasm banks, seed banks. It describes diversity of habitat over a total land escape or geographical area. As per World Conservation Monitoring Centre, India has 581 protected areas, national parks and sanctuaries. (11) Priority should be given in wildlife conservation programme to endangered species over vulnerable species and to vulnerable species over rare species. In this method of biological diversity conservation, sampling, shifting, storage and preservation of target taxa is carried out outside the natural habitat of the organisms. ... eggs can be fertilized in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. (iv) It has 10 different biogeographical regions and 25 biotic provinces having varieties of lands and species. 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Of economy all these factors together may be consumed locally and do not interfere with global! Plants ” and ani­mal species have already become extinct and many are endan­gered genetic diversity, diversity.