This fact is also recognized by linguists. The Tajikistan national football team competes in FIFA and AFC competitions. [147], Despite its poverty, Tajikistan has a high rate of literacy due to the old Soviet system of free education, with an estimated 99.8%[148] of the population having the ability to read and write. Forced migrations in the 20th century decimated their numbers. Even though the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan found it difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia. [24][25] According to Richard Nelson Frye, a leading historian of Iranian and Central Asian history, the Persian migration to Central Asia may be considered the beginning of the modern Tajik nation, and ethnic Persians, along with some elements of East-Iranian Bactrians and Sogdians, as the main ancestors of modern Tajiks. After you’ve been introduced to someone，ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. [1] [2] Around 1.2 million people were refugees inside and outside of the country. - The Vakhsh river carries a very heavy sediment load and the Rogun reservoir will eventually be filled with sediment; the estimated life for the different dam height alternatives varies from 115 On 21 August 2001, the Red Cross announced that a famine was striking Tajikistan, and called for international aid for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan;[85] however, access to food remains a problem today. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%,[150] although higher than any other low-income country after Syria. Consequently, some peasants fought collectivisation and revived the Basmachi movement. [35] By use Saddle dam. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141BC–87BC) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Tests were made in the laboratory conditions at the Institute seismic platform. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili branch of Shia Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. It is often played at Nowruz celebrations. As of 2006[update], there were 58 districts and 367 jamoats in Tajikistan.[80]. [55] Emomali Rahmon came to power in 1992, defeating former prime minister Abdumalik Abdullajanov in a November presidential election with 58% of the vote. [66] However, fighting erupted again in July 2012. But it’s going to be an enormous dam, it will impound an enormous amount of water, and the Uzbeks are very worried about what will happen if that dam is allowed to go forward. In less than a century the Mongol Empire broke up and modern Tajikistan came under the rule of the Chagatai Khanate. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. [144], Tajikistan has experienced a sharp decrease in number of per capita hospital beds following the dissolution of the USSR (since 1992), even though the number still remains relatively at 4.8 beds per 1,000 people, well above the world average of 2.7 and one of the highest among other low-income countries. That construction collapsed and was washed away, and many of those involved in the project ended up in prison camps, including the person who later re-emerged as the chief engineer of Nurek. [39], Modern Tajikistan fell under the rule of the Khanate of Bukhara during the 16th century and with the empire's collapse in the 18th century it came under the rule of both the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. The dam 300 meters high and is the highest embankment dam in the world. [72], Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. Water from the Khandong reservoir is utilised in the Khandong power station through a 2852 m long tunnel to generate 50 MW (2 X 25 MW) of power. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country. The facilities are limited, however. If finished, it would be the world's tallest dam with a height of 335 metres (1,099 ft) height compared to the second tallest dam Nurek Dam at 300 metres (980 ft). [citation needed], After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. It is governed by the Tajikistan Football Federation. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the second highest dam in the world. Besides Russia, China is one of the major economic and trade partners of Dushanbe. Therefore, Tajik speakers have no problems communicating with Persian speakers from Iran and Dari speakers from Afghanistan. The dam 300 meters high and is the highest embankment dam in the world. Tajikistan also has small communities of native speakers of Persian, Arabic, Pashto, Eastern Armenian, Azerbaijani, Tatar, Turkmen, Kazakh, Chinese, Ukrainian. The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm[14] of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus Valley Civilisation, Andronovo Culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Vedic religion, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Islam. Dushanbe is located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley. Elections in 2006 were again won by Rahmon (with 79% of the vote) and he began his third term in office. [71], "Longtime observers of Tajikistan often characterize the country as profoundly averse to risk and skeptical of promises of reform, a political passivity they trace to the country’s ruinous civil war," Ilan Greenberg wrote in a news article in The New York Times just before the country's November 2006 presidential election. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Nurek rockfill dam (300 m). •There are no important fisheries on the Vakhsh, as fish fauna is relatively impoverished and Nurek has already interrupted all long-distance fish migration. Despite this, according to article 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, Russian language is recognized as the official language of inter-ethnic communication in the country. [136] Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] One of the tallest dams in the world, it is 262 m (860 ft) high, 27 m (89 ft) thick at the base and 3.4 m (11 ft) at the top. Be aware that data on volume of structure is not as easily available or reliable as data on dam height and reservoir volume. About 2% of the country's area is covered by lakes, the best known of which are the following: Tajikistan contains five terrestrial ecoregions: Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe, Gissaro-Alai open woodlands, Pamir alpine desert and tundra, Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert, and Paropamisus xeric woodlands. Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. Dyker (1970) suggests that Tajikistan's hydroelectric potential had already been recognised as far back as the 1930s, and that this led to the construction of smaller dams. IMF Working Paper WP/06/2", "Tajikistan Policy Note. Kamoludin Abdullaev and Shahram Akbarzadeh. Greenberg, Ilan, "Media Muzzled and Opponents Jailed, Tajikistan Readies for Vote", Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) “, Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html, Национальный состав, владение языками и гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан Том III, "Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density", "Tajikistan cedes disputed land to China", "Tajikistan Population (2020) - Worldometer", "Population by Country (2020) - Worldometer", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018", "World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Tajikistan", "Tajikistan Ethnic groups - Demographics", "What's the Story Behind All the 'Stans? Rogun Dam is an under construction dam on the Vakhsh River in southern Tajikistan.It is one of the planned hydroelectric power plants of Vakhsh Cascade. [58][59] Rahmon's administration came under further criticism from the OSCE in October 2010 for its censorship and repression of the media. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The estimated dead numbered over 100,000. To date the country's Interior Ministry asserts that the central government maintains full control over the country's east, and the military operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 2010. The Nurek Dam and Hydropower Project located in western Tajikistan about 70 kilometers east of Dushanbe (see Figure 1). The way of writing Tajikistan in the Perso-Arabic script is: تاجیکستان. Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". a. Approximately 90% of the population of Tajikistan speaks Russian at various levels. [112] Most international freight traffic is carried by train. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe election observers said the 2010 polling "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards. After being ruled by the Timurid dynasty and the Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. To be … is necessary that … [126] More than 70% of the female population lives in traditional villages. "[73][74] The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. The Rogun dam is 35 meters taller than the Nurek dam. yird fill embankment dam on the Vakhsh River in the central Asian naition o Tajikistan The Nurek Dam (Tajik: Нерӯгоҳи обии Норак, Nerūgohi obii Norak, Tajiki for Nurek Hydro-electric Station) is an yird fill embankment dam on the Vakhsh River in the central Asian naition o Tajikistan. The Hoover Dam was the largest concrete structure on the planet at the time. For a realistic design of an earth dam it. U.S. PRESIDENTS Use the information at the right. The ceasefire guaranteed 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition. [60], Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Despite Russian troops quickly bringing Khujand back under control, clashes continued throughout the year in various locations in Tajikistan. Lately, ... the pronunciation of which in Tajikistan is called the “Iranian style”.. Apart from Russian, Uzbek language is actually the second most widely spoken language in Tajikistan after Tajik. The nationalist and democratic opposition, and supporters of independence joined the strikes and began to demand the independence of the republic and democratic reforms. Definition of norak in the Definitions.net dictionary. [113][117], Tajikistan has a population of 9,275,832 people,[8] of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. The Three Gorges Dam in China, a concrete gravity dam scheduled for completion in 2009, will be 175 meters tall (574 feet), the equivalent of a 48-story building. In Tajikistan SSR, the independence movement has been active since 1987. [15], On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan became an independent sovereign nation when the Soviet Union disintegrated. By general definition, a dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams, hence tailings dams are relegated to a separate list. 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All citizens of Tajikistan are called Tajikistanis. The country is also home to communities of Catholics, Armenian Christians, Protestants, Lutherans, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptists, Mormons, and Adventists. Přehrada Nurek s výškou 300 metrů se nachází v jihozápadní části Tádžikistánu na řece Vachs a jednoho dne jí tenhle výškový primát vezme jiná tádžická přehrada - Rogun What does norak mean? Dam, structure built across a stream, a river, or an estuary to retain water.Dams are built to provide water for human consumption, for irrigating arid and semiarid lands, or for use in industrial processes.They are used to increase the amount of water available for generating hydroelectric power, to reduce peak discharge of floodwater created by large storms or heavy … The GDP of Tajikistan expanded at an average rate of 9.6% over the period of 2000–2007 according to the World Bank data. These are the provinces (viloyat) of Sughd and Khatlon, the autonomous province of Gorno-Badakhshan (abbreviated as GBAO), and the Region of Republican Subordination (RRP – Raiony Respublikanskogo Podchineniya in transliteration from Russian or NTJ – Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ in Tajik; formerly known as Karotegin Province). In fact, it wasn't expected to be in use much more than once every 50 years. Fig. Information and translations of norak in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on … Its two side spans are 300 metres (980 ft) each, and there are also four small cable spans. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Nurek Dam, Tajikistan ( 300m high) 2. Sarve Samarghand (Cedar of Samarkand), continuous interpretation of Rudaki's poems ,Tehran 2020, Faradid Publications {Introduction}, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 08:40. The first dam with 66 m height on the Kopli River is known as Khndong dam and the second one with 30 m height is known as Kopili dam located at Umrangso. [citation needed], The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. The majority of Zoroastrian in Tajikistan speak it in the Pamir languages. [34] Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centres of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The main urban centres in today's Tajikistan include Dushanbe (the capital), Khujand, Kulob, Panjakent, Qurghonteppa, Khorugh and Istaravshan. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. [137] People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice. Be aware that data on volume of structure is not as easily available or reliable as data on dam height and reservoir volume. [38], During Genghis Khan's invasion of Khwarezmia in the early 13th century the Mongol Empire took control over nearly all of Central Asia. [44] Between 1926 and 1959 the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan's population grew from less than 1% to 13%. It has a power generation capacity of around 3,015 megawatts. This is due to a transliteration from the Russian: "Таджикистан". The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain a comfortable majority. Currently, the Nurek Dam in Tajikistan is the largest in the world. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian, the Russians viewed the movement as a threat. 2007. There have been talks with Russia concerning use of the Ayni facility,[62] and Russia continues to maintain a large base on the outskirts of Dushanbe. The Three Gorges Dam in China, a concrete gravity dam scheduled for completion in 2009, will be 175 meters tall (574 feet), the equivalent of a 48-story building. [54] In 1997, a ceasefire was reached between Rahmon and opposition parties under the guidance of Gerd D. Merrem, Special Representative to the Secretary General, a result widely praised as a successful United Nations peacekeeping initiative. 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